Exams in Medical School in Bulgaria: The Examination System Explained
13.10.2026
Σύντομη απάντηση
Two sessions per year, three attempts, predominantly oral examinations: how the examination system works in medical school in Bulgaria.
How is the examination system in medical school in Bulgaria structured?
At the medical universities in Bulgaria there are two examination periods per academic year, referred to as sessions. The winter session usually falls in January and February, the summer session in June and July. Both normally run for around four weeks. Three attempts are usually available for each examination.
| Feature | Bulgaria | Germany (state examination) |
|---|---|---|
| Examination rhythm | two sessions per academic year | semester examinations plus central state examinations |
| Central intermediate examination | none | M1 after the 4th semester |
| Main format | predominantly oral | predominantly written |
| Attempts per examination | usually three | three for the state examinations |
| Grading | from the first semester onwards | individual grades plus examination grades |
How many attempts do you get per examination?
There are two dates within a session. Anyone who fails both has a further date in September at the start of the new academic year, the so-called liquidation session. That adds up to three attempts per subject. Examinations from the winter session that remain open are usually retaken in September as well.
One important point: each university sets the details in its own study regulations. Anyone relying on a figure from a forum may be wide of the mark. The regulations of the faculty you are enrolled at are always the authoritative source.
Why are the examinations predominantly oral?
The oral examination is the traditional form of subject assessment at many European faculties, and it suits small seminar groups. In Sofia I studied in groups of at most ten students per teacher; the examiner knew the class.
In practice that means working through a catalogue of questions, drawing a topic in the examination and explaining it. A written free-text examination is often followed by an oral part. In practical subjects you are examined on the specimen or with a patient.
I consider this format good preparation for the profession, because as a doctor or dentist you also have to explain things day to day. To name the flip side honestly: oral examinations are less standardised than a multiple-choice paper, and anyone who performs poorly under the pressure of speaking has a harder time here. That is worth knowing before choosing a location.
{{cta}}What replaces the Physikum in Bulgaria?
There is no central intermediate examination in Bulgaria in the form of the German First Medical Examination (Physikum). The same preclinical material is examined over a longer period in individual assessments: anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, histology and the other basic-science subjects each in their own subject examination.
One point that repeatedly causes confusion among students who intend to transfer: on a return to Germany these individual examinations do not automatically replace the Physikum. The receiving German university, or the competent State Examination Office (Landesprüfungsamt), decides on credit transfer case by case.
What does that mean for study planning?
From my own time as a student: the rhythm is different from Germany, but it is not more relaxed. Two sessions a year mean two intensive phases of around four weeks each, in which several subject examinations sit close together. Anyone who keeps up during the semester gets through comfortably; anyone who pushes everything into the session has a problem.
A rough calculation of my own on that: with around four to five subject examinations per session and a four-week period, that leaves an average of five to six days per subject. This is an estimate based on my own timetable in Sofia, not a figure that holds for every academic year and every university.
Which examination culture suits you can be discussed before you decide. You are welcome to arrange a free consultation on that at any time.
The author's view: oral examinations are uncomfortable, and that is exactly the point
I was examined orally far more often in Sofia than I had expected before starting the degree. At first the format made me nervous. Looking back, it was the part of my training that prepared me best for practice.
My assessment: anyone who has to explain things out loud regularly during their degree finds it easier later on when talking a patient through a procedure. That is my observation as a federally recognised dentist in Switzerland and the founder of Medschool Experts, not a research finding – the connection cannot be demonstrated with the data known to me.
In fairness: the format has a price. It is less standardised, and how you happen to perform on the day matters more than it does in a written paper. Anyone who places a high value on comparability should factor that into their choice of location.
Summary
- In Bulgaria there are two examination sessions per academic year: winter (January/February) and summer (June/July), each running for around four weeks.
- Three attempts are usually available per examination, including the retake date in September.
- The examinations are predominantly oral, supplemented by written free-text examinations and practical formats.
- There is no central intermediate examination on the German model; the material is spread across individual examinations.
- Grades count from the very beginning of the degree.
- The precise arrangements are set by each university in its own study regulations.
Which examination system suits the way you learn is one of the best questions to ask when choosing a location. We work through it with you in a free consultation.
Further reading
- Studying medicine in Sofia: the main article – the location where I went through this examination system myself, with universities, costs and recognition.
- The structure of medical studies in Bulgaria – which subject is examined in which year of study.
- My first year in Bulgaria – what the first examination period felt like.
- The dissection course with body donors – assessments on the specimen in detail.
- Transferring back to Germany – how credits are recognised.
- Recognition and the German medical licence (Approbation) – what applies after graduation.
Frequently Asked Questions about Examinations in Medical School in Bulgaria
How many examination periods are there per academic year?
Two. The winter session usually falls in January and February, the summer session in June and July. Both normally run for about four weeks.
How many attempts do you get per examination?
Usually three. There are two dates within the session, plus a retake date in September, the so-called liquidation session.
Is there a Physikum in Bulgaria?
No, there is no central intermediate examination in the German form. The preclinical material is examined through individual assessments in the respective subjects.
Are the examinations oral or written?
Both, with the emphasis on oral examinations. Added to those are written free-text examinations and, in practical subjects, examinations with a patient or on the specimen.
Do grades count from the start?
Yes. Unlike the German state-examination degree programme, individual grades feed into the academic transcript from the very beginning.
What happens if I fail an examination in January?
Subjects failed in the winter session are usually retaken in September. Each university sets the precise rules in its study regulations.
How do you prepare for an oral examination?
Through catalogues of questions that structure the material, and by explaining out loud in a study group. Anyone who can only read the content but not speak it notices that immediately in an oral examination.
Are oral examinations harder than multiple-choice papers?
They are different. Guessing does not work, but you can compensate for gaps through understanding and ask when a question is unclear.
How many examinations fall within one session?
That depends on the year of study. In my preclinical years in Sofia several subject examinations fell within a period of around four weeks; the distribution is announced at the start of the semester.
Do Bulgarian grades count when transferring to Germany?
The receiving German university decides case by case on the recognition of credits. The degree itself is recognised automatically under Annex V of Directive 2005/36/EC.
Can examinations be taken early?
That depends on the subject and on the university in question. We clarify questions like these with you individually in the free consultation.
Further reading
Country and university
More guides on this topic
- Examination Law in the Medical Degree at Bielefeld University: Equivalency Assessments, Attempts, Deregistration
- Learning Bulgarian During Medical School: How Important Is It?
- A Day of Medical School in Sofia: Daily Student Life
Key terms explained
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Σχετικά με τον συγγραφέα

Marcel Kloos
Swiss-licensed dentist, founder and owner of Medschool Experts
Marcel Kloos is the founder and owner of Medschool Experts, a placement agency for medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine and pharmacy degrees abroad. Since 2021 the team has secured more than 500 study places at over 25 partner universities in Europe and worldwide.
Study medicine abroad: Marcel's own path
Born in Stuttgart, Marcel started his degree late: at 24 he enrolled at the Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Dental Medicine, and graduated in 2021 from the English-language programme. He went through the same steps his clients face today — nostrification of school certificates, entrance interviews, finding a flat in Sofia and later the recognition of a foreign degree. In Switzerland he completed the federal recognition procedure and holds a Swiss dental licence.
What Marcel does at Medschool Experts
Today Marcel lives in Bern and runs Medschool Experts full-time. He visits every partner university in person, negotiates placement agreements directly with faculties and deans, and leads the free consultations in which applicants learn at which university they can start next semester. His YouTube channel on studying medicine abroad has helped thousands of applicants compare universities, costs and recognition.
Topics Marcel writes about
- Study medicine abroad without an entrance exam: universities, costs and admission
- Study dentistry, veterinary medicine or pharmacy in Europe in English
- Tuition fees and living costs at medical schools in Europe and worldwide
- Recognition of foreign medical degrees in the EU, Switzerland, the UK and the US
- Transferring between medical schools and returning home into a higher semester
All articles by Marcel Kloos are based on first-hand visits to the universities, placement data from Medschool Experts and conversations with current students. Book a free consultation to discuss your own path.
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